Below, we've grouped some of the most effective natural supplements by how they work in the brain.
Neurotransmitter Support
Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that enable communication between brain cells. Supporting their production and function can help improve focus, mood, and memory.
Choline
Choline is a vital nutrient involved in the production of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter linked to memory and learning. While the body produces some choline, dietary intake or supplementation is often needed to meet optimal levels, particularly for brain support.
Vitamin B6, B12 & Folate (B9)
These B-vitamins work synergistically to support methylation and homocysteine metabolism, crucial processes for brain function and mental clarity. Deficiencies in any of these can impair cognitive performance and contribute to fatigue or brain fog.
Neuroprotection and Anti-Inflammatory Action
Protecting brain cells from oxidative stress and chronic inflammation is key to long-term cognitive health.
Turmeric (Curcumin)
Curcumin, the active compound in turmeric, has potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It helps combat oxidative stress in the brain and may support memory and mood, particularly in ageing populations.
N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC)
NAC is a precursor to glutathione, one of the body's most important antioxidants. It supports detoxification, reduces oxidative stress in brain tissue, and has been studied for its role in supporting focus, impulse control, and even emotional balance.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids (DHA & EPA)
These essential fats are major structural components of brain cells. DHA in particular is critical for maintaining the integrity of neural membranes, while EPA contributes to anti-inflammatory signalling. Together, they support memory, mood stability, and long-term brain health.
Adaptogens and Stress Modulation
Chronic stress is a known cognitive drain. Adaptogenic herbs help the body and brain cope with stress, supporting mental performance and resilience.
Ashwagandha
A powerful adaptogen used in Ayurvedic medicine, ashwagandha helps reduce cortisol levels, support stress resilience, and may improve cognitive function, particularly in high-pressure or fatigue-inducing situations.
Neurogenesis and Cognitive Enhancement
Some supplements stimulate the growth of new neurons or support neuroplasticity—the brain's ability to adapt and reorganise itself.
Lion’s Mane Mushroom
Lion’s Mane is renowned for stimulating Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), which supports the growth and repair of neurons. It may enhance memory, mental clarity, and overall brain function, particularly in ageing individuals or those under cognitive strain.
Circulation and Brain Oxygenation
Improving blood flow to the brain enhances the delivery of oxygen and nutrients, which is essential for mental sharpness and reaction time.
Ginkgo Biloba
One of the most researched herbal nootropics, Ginkgo biloba increases cerebral blood flow and has antioxidant effects. It may enhance memory, focus, and mental processing speed—particularly in older adults.
Mental Alertness and Cognitive Stimulation
These supplements enhance alertness and short-term mental performance, making them ideal for periods of intense concentration.
Caffeine
Caffeine is a well-known stimulant that temporarily boosts alertness, attention, and reaction time by blocking adenosine receptors in the brain. It’s most effective when used strategically rather than habitually, as tolerance can build over time.
Summary Table: Brain Supplements by Benefit
Benefit |
Key Supplements |
Memory Support |
Ginkgo biloba, Lion’s Mane, Omega-3 (DHA), Choline, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Folate |
Focus & Attention |
Caffeine, Ginkgo biloba, Choline, Omega-3 (EPA), NAC |
Mental Clarity & Processing Speed |
Lion’s Mane, Ginkgo biloba, Caffeine, Omega-3, B Vitamins |
Stress Reduction & Mood Support |
Ashwagandha, NAC, Vitamin B6, Folate, Omega-3 (EPA) |
Neuroprotection & Anti-Ageing |
Turmeric, NAC, Omega-3, Lion’s Mane, Ginkgo biloba |
Neuroplasticity / Brain Repair |
Lion’s Mane, Choline, Vitamin B12, Omega-3 (DHA), Turmeric |
Brain Circulation & Oxygenation |
Ginkgo biloba, Omega-3 |
Final Thoughts
Brain health is multifaceted—requiring support for neurotransmitter balance, stress management, inflammation control, and neuroprotection. By understanding how different supplements work, you can tailor your approach to meet your specific cognitive needs, whether it's staying sharp at work, enhancing memory, or supporting long-term brain health. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement, especially if you’re managing a health condition or taking medication.
All the supplements mentioned in this article are available from our Brain and Memory Collection.